Careers

Of course unlike a hundred years ago, not all astronomers look through telescopes. Now they can programme complex computers to model what they see. The programmes are told to follow the laws of physics, and then the simulations are forwards and backwards in time to get a fuller understanding of what is happening.

In astrophysics, you need to combine the computer simulations, and the observations from telescopes, to be sure about a theory.

Interferometers use a network of antennas, over a wide area, to create a virtual much larger single telescope. It would be impossible to build such instruments without powerful computers. Signals from different antennas must be added together with atomic-clock precision. Software must separate real signals from background noise and then produce a result that is useful for astronomers.   

Science leaders can influence industries, governments, and the public. Some scientists represent science and scientists worldwide. They work for professional organisations like the International Astronomical Union.  Professional organisations support the interests of their members and promote their work.

Astrophysicists apply their knowledge of maths to solve problems about the Universe. They collect information using telescopes, and use maths and statistics to interpret the information. Astrophysicists also use mathematical models and formulas to understand the physics of the Universe. We would not have been able to discover black holes or know that the Universe is expanding without maths.

Earth science is the study of what our planet is made of, how it has changed over time and how its systems interact, including the oceans and its magnetic field. Geochemists can apply their skills and knowledge to study the chemistry of meteorites and other samples of space rock (cosmochemistry) as well as using telescopes to study the chemistry of material in space (astrochemistry). Atmospheric science is the scientific and mathematical study of the Earth's atmosphere, climate, and weather.

Modern telescopes have lots of sensitive instruments on them that can make different measurements and record different types of data. They can also weigh thousands of tonnes and are often located in extreme environments, high up on mountains in deserts. The James Webb Space Telescope team also face the challenge of getting it to work in space.

Perhaps you are more interested in history but like astronomy as a hobby? Well, there are careers looking at the history of astronomy, both ancient and modern.

If you love history and astronomy, then these jobs might interest you: Historian (Astronomy, Science or Cultural), Author, Museum Curator, Librarian, Archaeoastronomer, Conservationist, Anthropologist. Many people working in this field, work in both a physics and an arts department.

There are lots of ways to explore astronomy and space science. 

Whether you're new to the subject or already love it, you can get involved, learn more, and meet others who share your interest. 

Do More: Try astronomy for yourself! Look at the night sky, use robotic telescopes, or join a research project. There's something for everyone. 

Learn More: Find out how the Universe works. Learn about telescopes, space missions, and the science behind them. Visit science centres or explore careers in space. 

Planetary science also includes doing experiments on Earth in laboratories. Scientists can study rocks brought back by space missions or meteorites that have landed on Earth. They can also test places on Earth that are like Mars or an Icy Moon and try to create those environments in labs.